Covariance

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Example: five students studied 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours for an exam and scored 52, 58, 65, 70 and 80. Do hours and score move together? Change the values to work out your own case.

Values of x One value per observation, separated by spaces or commas. Values of y In the same order as the x values.

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What each term means

Covariance: Measures the linear relationship between two variables. A positive value indicates a direct relationship; a negative one, an inverse relationship.
Summation: Adds the products of the deviations over all 'n' observations in the data.
Deviation of X: The difference between each value of X (xi) and the mean of X (μx). It shows how far each point is from the mean.
Deviation of Y: The difference between each value of Y (yi) and the mean of Y (μy). It shows how far each point is from the mean.
Number of Observations (n): The total number of pairs of observations in the data. It normalizes the sum to give the mean of the products of the deviations.